>As you can see everything is much simpler if you can just use UTF-8 all >the way. I completely agree. But sometimes you have to. Like if you have a large database filled with iso-8859-x encoded data; converting the data to UTF8 is a more costy option instead of changing the request and response encoding to iso-8859-x. Cheers, -- Volkan Ozcelik +>Yep! I'm blogging! : http://www.volkanozcelik.com/volkanozcelik/blog/ +> My projects/studies/trials/errors : http://www.sarmal.com/