>i need to know the character entity code for the { and } characters... dude, remember that zdnet chart? http://www.zdnet.com/devhead/resources/href/ascii.html ` - = [ ] \ ; * , . / ~ ! @ # $ % ^ ( ) _ + { } | : ? | " ' The characters above do not require encoding. Cut and paste them at will. so i suppose there are numeric entities for them (you look 'em up) but not character entities rudy