> With most things, SQL especially, I need to be able to visualize > what's taking place in my mind as if I'm watching some kind of > animation before I actually understand how something works.. then you'll love this "animation" of the process of achieving 1NF -- http://edtech.it.bton.ac.uk/esystems/modules/fd121/normalisation/1NF.html it's not an animation per se, it's a powerpoint presentation but it's effective, eh? rudy