Hi Rudy, > for more on mysql's behaviour, see > > Debunking GROUP BY myths > http://rpbouman.blogspot.com/2007/05/debunking-group-by-myths.html > Thanks very much for the link to that article; it makes very interesting reading... Moving from the requirement for inclusion in the GROUP BY clause to the functional dependency requirement makes a lot of sense. I wish MS SQL Server 2005 did this... -sigh- Jason