> [Please note that (a) implies (b) ... huh? what were (a) and (b) again? > don't make email address the primary key in your valid user table.] whyever not? because it might change? what's wrong with updating a primary key? ------------- rudy http://r937.com/ | http://rudy.ca/ buy my book "Simply SQL" from Amazon -- http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0980455251/